Showing posts sorted by relevance for query egypt. Sort by date Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by relevance for query egypt. Sort by date Show all posts

Monday, October 24, 2016

Story of the World: Vol 1 - Chap 2 - Two Kingdoms Become One

Post contains some affiliate links, through which I can earn commission.
Mostly for books, which I suggest looking for at your local library.

This section is about the Nile river, and about the king who united upper and lower Egypt into one Nation.  Because my son has a short attention span, we broke up the section into two parts to shorten it--and to shorten it a little more I crossed out a few lines here in there (this was one of our "Readers Digest Condensed Chapters *wink*).  We also did what we usually do--stopped and asked questions during the text and looked at pictures from other sources which we read.



We had a lot of resources for this and didn't use all of them, but I'll share some good resources we found to add visuals below.   Finding books on Egypt than contain good illustrations of the things mentioned in this chapter is EASY.  If you don't have the books mentioned below, you should be able to find something else in your local library that works.



DAY 1 (Paragraphs 1-4)
Farming on the Nile

Before Reading
Before starting the reading we looked at some maps of Egypt and then found where it was on a world map.

Paragraph 1 -2

These paragraphs can be supplemented with a map from the activity book, but we had a full color illustrated map I thought he'd enjoy more (from the Usborn Time Traveler), so in stead of coloring the map, I had my son find the Nile Delta on that picture. 

I like the colored map too because it showed a green area around the Nile, and pictures of desert outside that area, so I could ask my son where people could live and farm.  We also looked at an aerial picture of Egypt that showed how green that area around the Nile actually was.  Seeing real pictures really brings home the difference between the area near the Nile, and the desert surrounding it.   (More map/picture suggestions below)

Also, this is one of the places where I edited out a few lines (about the word Delta being from the Greek letter "D") to make it shorter for his attention span.

Suggested Online Pictures/Maps of the Nile
Aerial Nile Photo - Delta (what we used)
Aerial Nile Photo - Long
Illustrated Map
Egypt With Cartoon Landmarks 


Books With Great Nile Illustrations
The Usborn Time Traveler
Make It Work: Ancient Egypt
Egypt Insiders by Joyce Tyldesley**

**You can preview the illustration of the Nile in this book using  the "Look Inside" feature on Amazon




Paragraph 3 - 4

Here is a good topographical map that shows the mountains that feed the Nile, as mentioned in paragraph 3. 

I found some books with some GREAT illustrations of Egyptian farming mentioned in paragraph 4.  Here is the one we used...


But I wanted to share some of my other favorite illustrations from books we found at our library too...


This book uses dioramas to illustrate (and is full of crafts kids can do).  I like how this book showed the steps in farming the land, and talked about the three Egyptian seasons.

Pyramids

This book on pyramids had a nice picture with a Nile map AND farming illustrations, so if you wanted to cut down on the amount of resources you used, you could just use this one for both.

Don't have any of these books at your library?   There's a sample of Horrible Histories magazine that features a great Nile farming illustration (just scroll to pg 14-15). 




ACTIVITIES

Explore a Section of the Nile River
On Round-Me you can scroll around explore 360 degree views of various places around the world.   Click here to explore the banks of the Nile River.
 

Silt Demonstration
This activity shows how flooding brought silt onto the Nile banks.  It's not amazingly exciting, but it does demonstrate the concept and my son enjoyed pouring the water.

Supplies
bowl
white piece of paper
baking pan or dish (to catch water)
dirt
water

Instructions
  1. Place a bowl on a piece of white paper on a larger ban, dish, or lipped plate. Fill up a small bowl half way with water, and add a little dirt.   Let the dirt settle. 
  2. Pour in water until the dish overflows.   Note the pieces of dirt on the white paper....in the same way the Nile deposits silt on the area around it when it floods.
 

Egyptian Meal
You can have an Egyptian meal, like we did at our co-op.  You can find a list of recipes and foods they had here. A fun thing to talk about is how the foods they ate may have tasted different, because years of farmers choosing seeds from the tastiest plants changed what the plants looked and tasted like.  For instance, initially no one ate the fruit of the watermelon, but would only eat the seeds...so historians believe that watermelon originally didn't taste sweet.


More Activities
  • Make a Shaduf - Egyptians used shadufs too, so if you haven't already made a shaduf for Chapter 1 (where they describe it) that could be  fit in here.
  • Plant and Egyptian Garden - Plant a garden with food crops like the Egyptians planted (cucumbers, onions, garlic, raddish, peas, etc.  See full list here.).  
  • Learn about Egyptian Daily Life - A great follow-up on this section is learning about daily life in Egypt.  I have a free Egypt Guide* with lots of pictures related to daily life in Egypt, including a comparison of a common Egyptian home vs. the home of an Egyptian elite, and a fun activity might be to create and imaginary Egyptian character and draw a room in their home.  (*The guide was originally for VBS volunteers at my church when we did a living history style VBS program.)
  • Do Lapbook activities (scroll down for suggestions at the bottom of this page) 
  • Make Egypt Cookies showing the Nile River and surrounding desert.


Supplemental Reading/Extension For Older Kids
Nile River Unit - Dr. Dave's Science
This very readable printable unit on the Nile River by Dr. Dave's science makes for great extension reading to bring in some science (suggested for ages 4th - 7th, but I think a lot of younger homeschoolers might enjoy it too.)    The free sample of the first 10 pages covers the Nile ecosystem and flooding, and the full package ($3) goes into more detail on about Egyptian farming methods, food, papyrus, and the damning of modern Egypt. 





DAY 2 (Paragraphs 5-9)
Upper and Lower Egypt Become One

Note that the paragraph numbers are different for the Revised and Original versions.

Paragraphs 5 - 7 (Original: 5)
For these paragraphs we again looked at the maps we had of Egypt and Africa, and pointed out all the things they were talking about.   In the Revised version they explained why the names for "Upper and Lower" Egypt  make sense even though it looks backwards on our maps (because in stead of "north" and "south" they thought of things in terms of the way the river flowed--"up river" or "down river").    We  turned our map upside down when they mention that was how the Egyptians saw the world.  After this section I stopped to ask which part was Upper and Lower Egypt and why they were called that before moving on.

Paragraphs 8 - 9 (Original: 5-6)
We continued to use the maps for this section.  We also looked at the single and double crowns in the page about the Pharoah in the Usborn Time Traveler (you could find pictures of these crowns in almost any picture book about Egypt, or at the links below). 

DOUBLE CROWN COLORING PAGES/GRAPHICS
Crown Image 1 - Black and White
Crown Image 2 - Black and White
Crown Image 3 - Colored
History Pockets has a great map showing all three crowns (pg 37)


ACTIVITIES
We didn't do a special activity for this section, but here are some ideas for ones you could do.

Egyptian Double Crown

Narmer Puppet
    - Note, this is in the free sample pages.   Find a link to them under the picture of the book.


Egypt Lapbooks

Lapbooks can be a great way to supplement Story of the World.  Often they are done with file folders.  I actually like using a small blank-book in stead of the traditional folder method, and adding items from various lapbooks as we reach those topics in SOTW.  You can make your own books with folded paper and staples or use inexpensive blank books like these  (I also often see square blank books 5 for $1 in the Dollar Section of Target).

Free Egypt Lapbook 1
This one has a nice map of the Nile with an Egyptian border, graphics of King Narmer and the double crown, among other things.

Free Egypt Lapbook 2 - Homeschool Share
This lapbook has a lift the flap Nile item that would be a good fit for this chapter.

History Pockets
This is a great resource for using while studying Egypt.  Related to this chapter it has a map of Egypt illustrated with kings wearing the crowns of upper and lower Egypt, and excellent cut and paste activities for life on the Nile.  I was lucky to find this used at a local homeschool sale.








 

Friday, September 20, 2019

Story of the World Ancient Times - Chapter 13 - Amenhotep and King Tut


The second last half of this chapter of Story of the World deals with the king Amenhotep (later Akhenaten), a Pharaoh who briefly transformed religion and art Egypt, and King Tutankhamun, who during his short reign, changed everything back.    As always, I offer my suggestions for activities and other ways to enhance the reading below.

This post contains some affiliate links through which I can earn commission. 




SUGGESTED BOOK:  ANCIENT EGYPT REVEALED

As you know, I ALWAYS look for pictures from library books or online to illustrate the chapter (cause for my visual learner, one black and white pic isn't enough).   Usually, any kids books related to the subject will have some pictures that would work to illustrate the chapter and it doesn't really matter which one you get...but for this subject this book was SO PERFECT for illustrating that I think it's worth searching for specifically (maybe even doing interlibrary loan for).    It had a really good pictures of Amenhotep...a large statue of him and a wall carving of him and his wife Nefertiti, and more pictures of her on another page (search for Akhenaten, his other name, in the index to find it)  But where it really shines for this chapter is the TWO special lift the flap pages related to King tut (see pictures and/or video below).  


Amenhotep

One interesting thing about Amenhotep/Akhenaten that SOTW doesn't mention is how he changed art in Egypt.   For thousands of years before Akhenaten, and for nearly 1000 years after his reign, Egyptian art remained largely the same.  But for a brief period of about 60 years during his reign and shortly afterwards, the style of artwork in Egypt changed.   This period of time was called the Armana period.  The videos below all share a little something about this...

VIDEO SUGGESTIONS

TICE ART 1010 - Ancient Near Eastern and Ancient Egyptian Art (4 min)
This video is about Ancient Egyptian Art in general (and Mesopotamian art, but I've set the link to start at the Egyptian section), and is done in a cartoon style that would be fun for even young kids to watch.    It only briefly covers the art of the Armana period, but I like it because it shows what Egyptian art was like before and after that period, for contrast.

Armana Period (10 min)
This video covers more about both the religious and  artistic changes during this period.   Sadly it's a little grainy and may not be as fun for younger kids.

Egypt's Armana Period (11 min)
The first half of this video first talks about the discovery of King Tut's Tomb (so would be a great tie-in between the first and last parts of this SOTW section), and from 4:46 on talks about Amenhotep/Akhenaten.   It mostly focuses on the religious changes but gets into the art style change a bit too.  It's a very engaging video.


ILLUSTRATION SUGGESTIONS
Good places to find illustrations to use in the chapter.   




King Tut

ILLUSTRATION SUGGESTIONS
Nearly all children's books on Ancient Egypt will have some illustrations of King Tut.   The original version of SOTW had an illustration of his mask in the chapter, and the Revised has a coloring page of it the activity book.   You can also find beautiful pictures of the mask and other art and statues of King Tut with a quick search online.

But again I want to recommend DK Ancient Egypt Revealed for illustration here. The "lift the flap" pages on Tutankhamen (transparent pages that show part of the picture underneath, and as you lift the page more detail is revealed) were a really dramatic way to illustrate this part of the chapter (as I showed on the video below).   This also shows some cool techniques I have for organizing the illustration pages I use from other books while reading Story of the World.   The video also features the book Make It Work:  Ancient Egypt that had some good illustrations of Tutankhamen's tomb.





ACTIVITY IDEAS

Pharaoh Headress Printable (wearable)

3D Egyptian Death Mask

Make Pharoah's Crock and Flail

Coloring Page (Crowning/Marriage)

Coloring Page (mask) 

How to Draw King Tut



VIDEOS

PBS Special on King Tut (27 minutes)

King Tut's Tomb and Armana Period  (11 minutes)
I mentioned this one earlier but am mentioning it again.  The first half of this video first talks about the discovery of King Tut's Tomband from 4:46 on talks about Amenhotep/Akhenaten.

Ancient Civilizations for Kids -Ancient Egypt
From 1:30 - 5:59 has a really good dramatic retelling of the discovery of King Tut's tomb.   It reminds me of the description in SOTW.



BETWEEN THE CHAPTERS

The Bronze Age Collapse  is a significant event that takes place less than 100 years after King Tut reigned in Egypt.    It's not addressed in SOTW but after this chapter would be a good place to add it in.  Extra Credits History has a good short kid friendly video on it.


Last :: Next

Tuesday, September 6, 2016

Story of the World: Our Lessons and Resources


I am starting a series where I share our Story of the World adventures.  We started when my son was 7, and went very slowly at first, adjusting lessons to his short attention span.   The next year we joined up with a co-op doing this Volume, and went at a much faster pace, so later chapters (7 and on) show that somewhat.   I took notes and am gradually adding these as I have time.  Sorry for the slow place on adding new units.

NOTE:   I don't want anyone to think you HAVE to do all the supplementary stuff we did for SOTW.  Many people just read the chapters and talk about them, maybe do an extra activity now and then.    We did so much at first because I have a kiddo that needed that to get him engaged, and also because I love history and just wanted to do some of these things with him.  But as we progressed we gradually did less projects and supplementing.
 
STORY OF THE WORLD POSTS
All of my Story of the World posts will be linked below, once they're published.

GENERAL SOTW RELATED POSTS

OTHER HISTORY RELATED POSTS


OUR LESSON PLANS/IDEAS BY CHAPTER
Each post will be linked as it is added

INTRO
How Do We Know What Happened
- What Is History
- What is Archaeology

Chap 1
The Earliest People
- The First Nomads
- The First Nomads Become Farmers

Chap 2
Egyptians Lived on the Nile River
- Two Kingdoms Become One
- Gods of Ancient Egypt

Chap 3
The First Writing

Chap 4
The Old Kingdom of Egypt
- Making Mummies
- Egyptian Pyramids

Chap 5
The First Sumerian Dictator

Chap 6
- The Jewish People

Chap 7
- Hammurabi and the Babylonians

Chap 8
- The Assyrians

Chap 9
The First Cities of India
- The River Road
- The Mystery of Mohenjo-Daro

Chap 10
The Far East:  Ancient China
- Lei Zu and the Silkworm
- The Pictograms of Ancient China
- Farming in Ancient China

Chap 11
Ancient Africa
- Ancient Peoples of West Africa
- Anansi and Turtle
- Anansi and the Make Believe Food (Sorry, we skipped this)

Chap 12
The Middle Kingdom of Egypt
- Egypt Invades Nubia
- The Hyksos Invade Egypt

Chap 13
The New Kingdom of Egypt
- The General and the Woman Pharaoh
- Amenhotep and King Tut

Chap 14
The Israelites Leave Egypt (Moses/Exodus)

Chap 15
The Phoenicians

Chap 16
The Return of the Assyrians

---

Chapter 18 - 25 (Ancient Greece)
For now, I'm just sharing a outline of the resources I used for these chapters.


Please stop by often to see what's been added!



This post is linking up at Hip Homeschool Moms, The Homeschool Nook, A Little Bird Told Me, Love to Learn Hop, School House Review, Dear Homeschooler Bookshelf, Throwback Thursday, and Back to Homeschool Blog Hop 2017 (no longer up): Curriculum, and various other homeschool link-ups.

If you would like to share this post but need a more  square graphic....here you go....









Monday, October 31, 2016

Story of the World Vol 1: Gods of Ancient Egypt (Chap 2: Part 2)


Post contains some affiliate links, through which I can earn commission.
Mostly for books, which I suggest looking for at your local library. 

We did this part of Chapter 2 in one setting, since the intro was so short and the rest was a single story about Isis, Set, and Osiris.  Sadly, you may have to explain the difference between "Isis" the Egyptian deity, and ISIS, the terrorist group, if your children have been listening to the news at all.

Because we are Christians, I also took the time to explain some of the differences between what Egyptians believed and what we believe (many gods for different things, vs. one God over everything, for example).   If you have older children, you might be interested in having them read the short sections on Egyptian religion and morality in the Ancient Egypt Guide I wrote (It was a guide for volunteers playing Egyptians in a living history style VBS about Joseph in Egypt, so I wrote it specifically with some of the contrasts and similarities between Christianity and Egyptian religion in mind, such as how they viewed sin and a the afterlife.)

Reading

For illustration on the first two paragraphs we looked at a coloring page found of the Egyptian god Horus...and some other gods in a library book on Egypt (you can find pictures of Egyptian gods and goddesses in nearly any children's non-fiction book about Egypt).  You might also look for pages that show artifacts owned by a Pharoah and see if you can find any of the symbols they mention (the staff) OR images of a hawk (the animal representation of Horus).

For the story about Isis, Osiris and Set we used pictures from the Story of the World Activity Book (Revised Version) and pictures and coloring pages I found online  (I don't remember which one exactly, so I am sharing several I considered below).  You can print out the pictures you like best and staple them together to make a little storybook that you flip through as you read this story.

Whole Story Illustrated  (NOTE: There is a version of this story where Set cuts apart Osirus' body, and these illustrations pictures that, but the other pictures you could use)
All Gods Mentioned (Horus, Osiris, Isis, Set)
Isis Coloring Page
Horus Connect the Dots
Horus Picture from Heading (Public Domain/Pixabay)
Osirus Connect the Dots
Set/Seth Coloring Page


The following is from a book written in the 1900s
and should be in the public domain.  Click the Picture for a larger version to save and print.   Sorry I don't remember where I got this from originally.







A picture of Osiris ruling in the underworld, with Isis standing nest to him (and another goddess...not sure which one).  (From the Papyrus of Hunefer, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons).  Click on the picture for a larger version you can print.

And, while we listened to it a while after we did this chapter, I will say I love the longer version of this story as read by Jim Weiss in the CD Egyptian Treasures (which a friend of mine lent me).



EXTRA HISTORY:
Since this chapter talks about how Pharaoh was considered a God, this is a great place to talk about the Egyptian social classes.  Many picture-books on Egypt in your library would cover this.  The free sample pages for  Project Passport World History Study: Ancient Egypt deal with social classes, and the sample even has a great "lift the flap" social classses pyramid that would go great in a lapbook, and a couple printable games, including Senat.  



Monday, November 7, 2016

Story of the World: Chapter 3 - The First Writing


Post contains some affiliate links, through which I can earn commission...mostly for books, which I suggest looking for at your local library. 





In this series I share our Story of the World lesson, but even if you're not using SOTW, if you're studying ancient Egypt or Mesopotamia, you might enjoy the activities and info in this post about ancient forms of writing (Hieroglyphics and Cuneiform).  

This chapter of Story of the World was easy to break into 3 different parts, which I read to my son on different days to make it easier for his wiggly wompus short attention span.

Day 1:  Egyptian Writing
The paragraphs are split up differently in the Original (OV) and Revised Versions (RV), so I tried to note both locations below).  I'm adding instructions for the 25th Anniversary Edition (AE), which fixed some of the issues I found in this chapter.

Paragraphs 1 - 6 (25th Anniversary Edition)
Paragraphs 1- 5 (Revised Version)
Paragraphs 1-2 (Original)

There's something interesting that you won't find in most kids books on Egypt (and that isn't mentioned in Story of the World either)...that there were TWO types of writing in Egypt.

 Hieroglyphs


Hieroglyphics is the type of writing most people associate with Ancient Egypt.  It featured characters that looked like pictures, and could stand for either sounds or the objects depicted (more on that below). This is the type of writing has been found carved into ancient temple walls and monuments.   BUT, it was not the only type of writing being used in Egypt at this time....and not even the most common type.


Hieratic Writing


Picture by Nic McPhee - From British Museum - Adapted Under Creative Commons

The common Egyptian used a shorthand form of writing called hieratic.   It derived from hieroglyphics but was used alongside it, and over time it began to have a different use.    While priests and monument carvers still used hieroglyphics for recording things of religious or historical importance, merchants and traders and everyone else used hieratics to write their grocery lists, records, and love notes.

I wanted to show my son not just hieroglypics, but hieratic too.  Luckily, one of the books we had, Time Traveler, had a description of hieratics and hieroglyphics, along with a great example of how they were used.  So, at paragrph 4, I stopped and used the Time Traveler description in stead, taking time to look at hieroglyphics in some library books about Egypt, and hieratic in pictures I found online.  When I taught this section at our co-op I also used this excellent free printable comparing hieratics and hieroglyphics I had found after our lesson the previous year at home. 

But I changed things up in the following lines (Paragraph: AE, RV 4, OV 2) to add some extra info. 
The Egyptians use pictures to write with.  We call these pictures hieroglyphs.  The pictures stood for certain words. The Egyptians use to carve these hieroglyphs into stone tablets.
Hieroglyphs didn't just stand for words, they stood for sounds too...whether they stood for a sound or a word depended on context (the activity book shows this too).  I realize she was trying to keep it simple, but it doesn't take much more to tell this corrently.  When reading this passage you could change it like this...
The Egyptians used pictures to write with.  We call these pictures hieroglyphs.  The pictures sometimes stood for words, and sometimes stood for sounds.  The Egyptians used to carve these hieroglyphs into stone tablets.
AND, if you wanted to, you could add in info about hieratic to it like this...
The Egyptians used pictures to write with.  We call these pictures hieroglyphs.  The pictures sometimes stood for words, and sometimes stood for sounds.  The Egyptians used to carve these hieroglyphs onto stone tablets, or even into the walls of their temples.
The stone tablets lasted for a very long time--but they were heavy to carry, and carving the pictures into stone took weeks of work.
That's why most Egyptians didn't write in hierogyphys.  In stead they used a type of writing we call hieratic.  It was based off of hieroglyps, but simpler.  In stead of carving it on stone slabs, they would write notes in ink to each other on small rocks and bits of broken pottery, which were cheap and easy to find. 
You could follow that up by showing this printable picture of hieroglyphics and hieratic.  There's also some really great pictures of scribe tools (including papyrus plants, which comes in handy later in this chapter) in the DK Ancient Egypt book if you have that at your library.
 


ACTIVITIES

1.  CARTOUCHE
I helped my child write his name in Hieroglyphics on a cartouche print-out from the free Ancient Egypt Unit Study at Royal Baloo  (in stead of the examples from the activity book, which I thought were so-so, we used the Hieroglyphics from History Pockets - Ancient Egypt because they were simpler and larger, so easer to copy from.  A quick online search will bring up lots of Hieroglyphics charts you can use for free that are also well done. 

2.  ONLINE GAME
We did the online Egyptian Tomb Adventure Game.  It fit well with this section because it has some hieroglyphic "decoding" worked in, but it also has some map work and exploration about mummies, symbols, and Egyptian burial practices  (so, you could save this for the chapter on mummies).  This was very cleverly done, and my son liked it quite a lot.

3.  HIEROGLYPHS AND SCRIBES PALLET CRAFT
 When we did this chapter with our co-op group, I gathered up smooth rocks at a local garden center, and also broke up an old terra cotta pot, which we painted hieroglyphs and hieratic on with red and black paint (the most commonly used ink colors in ancient Egypt).  Kids learning to be scribes in Egypt would practice hieroglyphs on flat rocks and broken potter too...so writing hieroglyphs on these is just as "historical" as writing on papyrus.  I also made reed "brushes" and scribe pallets (a craft I found in Make It Work: Ancient Egypt) for the kids to use.   Probably should have let them help me make them, but the craft involves an sharp knife, and there was mixed ages.



HIEROGLYPHS AND SCRIBES PALLET CRAFT

SUPPLIES:

For Stone Painting
  • Red and Black Paint (goes in Pallet if you make that)
  • Flat-ish stones and/or a terra-cotta pot (and hammer + trash bag or safety glasses) 

For Scribes Pallet:
  • Balsa wood strips (find at hobby store)
  • Harder wood strips for base (optional...see note in instructions)
  • Wood Glue 
  • Round object (see step 8)
  • Cardboard to cut on (a cereal box folded flat works well)
  • Utility Knife

For Reed "Brushes":
  • Any old reed-like weedy grass
  • Scissors

Printable Guide For Copying
Egyptian Alphabet Comparison Sheet


INSTRUCTIONS

1.  Collect stones or break a terra-cotta pot.  It's a toss up which is better to use.  The terra cotta is smoother and easier to paint on, but has jagged edges  (though not as sharp as glass). Many garden centers have stones you can buy, or will not mind you taking smaller broken pieces from larger flat stones they sell.  But if you choose to break a terra cotta pot with a hammer in stead, wear safety glasses OR put the pot in the plastic trash bag before breaking to keep broken bits from flying up.  Make sure to sweep area thoroughly afterwards.  (Fun alternative if you have a second story:  clear all people from the area and toss the pot from a 2nd story window.  You can tell I enjoy destruction...just a bit).

2.  For the pallet, I liked using Balsa wood strips for the top part, but a harder wood strip in the same size for the back, to add strength.  Because I was making several of these it was actually cheaper to do this (the harder wood cost less than balsa), but if you were making just one it would cost less to cut one strip of balsa in two and use it for both top and bottom. I found my pre-cut wood strips at Hobby Lobby.

4.  Cut the bottom and top strips to exactly the same length (8 - 10 inches). 

5.  The original craft called for cutting out the ink wells with a craft knife, but I thought it would be easier to press them in the soft balsa wood in stead (you can see how this turned out in the pictures).  It does make for a shallower bowl, so if you want to cut them out with a knife for a deeper ink well, do so during this step.   Otherwise, I think it would probably avoid some of the warping I got later to press them after gluing (though I have not tried this)   For the area to hold your reeds cut a rectangular strip from near the bottom of the top later of balsa wood...leaving about two inches at the top for your inkwells, as shown below.



7.  Glue your top balsa piece to your bottom wood piece...put a book on top to press them pieces together while they dry. 

8. To press out your inkwells (if you haven't choosen to cut them in step five), find a hard object with a small rounded surface.  I used the handle of a small hammer.  You could also use a screwdriver handle or even a marble.  Press the rounded object into the balsa wood hard until it makes an indentation.  (The example below shows only one layer because I made the mistake of pressing before gluing the top and bottom layers).


This is one step that even a young child can help with.  Wha-la...your scribe's pallet is done...now it need some reeds to fill it.


9.  Go outside and look for some weedy grass...something long and skinny, not wide and flat.  Cut off any "seed heads" and cut into segments just shorter than your reed holder.



10.  Last, put a drop of red and black ink in your pallet inkwells, grab your rocks or terra cotta pieces, and start painting hieroglyphics and hieratics!





 

Day 2:  Cuneiform


Paragraphs  7 - 9 (25th Anniversary Edition)
Paragraphs 6 - 9 (Revised Version)
Paragraphs 3 - 5 (Original)
 
On the second day of our lesson we looked at the page about writing in our Mesopotamia book while we read, and found Mesopotamia on our wall map.

Afterwards we wrote a message with cuneiform in clay (I had whittled a stylus the night before).    The styluses aren't hard to make...you can find a how to here.   But you can also the square end of chopsticks (the disposable kind that you pull apart).  It's a little harder to use but definitely gives you the feeling of pressing the symbols into the clay...as opposed to "drawing them" with a toothpick, which is really nothing like how they did cuneiform and doesn't help kids understand WHY they used all those triangles.   The triangle was just a natural shape easily made by the stylus.

 There's also a great video with someone demonstrating writing cuneiform here. We also made some other things with the clay afterwards.  But if you don't have clay, these cuneiform gingerbread cookies (that I sadly found AFTER I did this with my son) could still give your kids the feeling of writing in cuneiform with these Cuneiform Gingerbread Cookie Tablets.  

Here are some cuneiform alphabets you can try, in order of simplicity....

You'll notice those are different than the alphabet in the SOTW activity pages (which is what we used when we did the project below).  While I'm no expert on ancient languages, I think that alphabet is fabricated because the letters A, B, C  is the same as the Babylonian cuneiform numbers 1, 2, 3 which just seems unlikely, and I couldn't find any others online that matched that.   

But any cuneiform alphabet that has all the English letters will be somewhat fabricated, because some of the sounds in English weren't even present in the languages of Mesopotamia, and most (maybe all) of cuneiform was actually syllabaries not alphabets.  It wasn't only Sumerian. 
 


My son wrote a message to his friend, also doing Story of the World.
 

My styluses...you can't really see the triangle shape on the tip.
 

Our clay creations - my son made the vase and I mad the crocodile.  (I was pretty proud of that crock...used the stylus to make the scales on his back)
 

NOTE ON REVISIONS:  There were some significant changes to paragraph 5/8 in the Revised version, which you can see here.   The 25th Anniversary Edition didn't include any new changes to this section.

Day 3:  Papyrus

Paragraphs 10 - 12 (Original 6 - 8)
Paragraphs  10 -16 (25th Anniversary Edition)
Paragraphs 6 - 9 (Revised Version)
Paragraphs 3 - 5 (Original)

This is a section where the original and revised version have an error (but this was fixed in the 25th Anniversary Edition).  Papyrus was not made by "mashing" papyrus into a pulp...this is how people learned to make paper later in China, just with different material.  Mashing wood or other fibers into pulp then drying that pulp in sheets is how most paper is made today.   But this was not how it was made by the Egyptians, the first inventors of paper.  The Egyptians cut papyrus into thin strips, pounded them flat, soaked them in water, then overlapped the strips and flattened it even more with stones until they made a smooth sheet that stayed together.   

You can see how the Egyptians made papyrus in the video below.  They also demonstrate how strong this paper was (really quite tough).   It holds up much better than modern paper does, which is why we still have some sheets of papyrus from thousands of years ago (but of course, as the book points out, it doesn't hold up as well as stone, so we don't have as much of it).


So, we just watched this and then I sort of summarized what Story of the World said about how paper was useful in ways stone or clay wasn't, but how it  didn't last as long as stone or clay so that meant that we have less of what Egyptians wrote on papyrus than what they wrote on stone.     We talked something the book also doesn't mention---that common people didn't use papyrus OR stone because it was expensive, but would write on broken pieces of pottery,  which also last a long time.  (Broken pottery is called "ostraca" in by archaeologists...and writing messages on it was common in many ancient cultures). 


WHAT ABOUT ANIMAL SKINS?
While I didn't talk about leather, I was curious if that was used by the Egyptians to write on as well, and I found out that it was when I stumbled on an article about the  Oldest/Longest Ancient Egyptian Leather Manuscript Ever Found.   I learned that animal skins were "considered a very precious writing material in ancient Egypt. It was the principal writing medium to record holy texts and great historic events as it was more practical than papyrus due to its flexibility and durability."  However, papyrus, while less durable in the short term, held up better over time in Egypt's dry climate, where "leather objects quickly perished."  They may have perished even more quickly because Egyptians hadn't learned how to tan leather to soften and preserve it, like people to the north of them in Europe had.


ACTIVITY

MAKING PAPYRUS:
We did not do an activity related to papyrus.  However, there is an activity for making your own "faux papyrus" using paper strips here. I'm also very curious whether you could make any sort of paper, in small amounts, by pounding, weaving and drying regular grass (the wide flat kind).  It would not have the same exact properties of papyrus, but it would be a fun experiment to try.  I've heard that "fake papyrus" has been made from palm fronds, so if you live where you could get a palm leaf, that would be something fun to try also.

VIDEO
The History of Writing by Extra Credits would make a good follow up to this lesson.  





Linking up on A Little Bird Told Me, Blessed MOMdays, The Homeschool Nook, Dear Homeschooler Bookshelf and more great link-ups!

Saturday, February 17, 2018

Story of the World Ancient Times - Chap 12 - Egypt and Nubia

  


This is part of a series where I share our lessons (and other related resources) for each chapter of Story of the World - Ancient Times.    Even if you're not using Story of the World, if you are studying ancient history, hopefully this will be helpful to you.  Today we get into some really interesting history that's too often overlooked, and why it's so important!

Though this section of Chapter is about Egypt, once again...it is also about Nubia...so I will be talking quite a bit about that today.   But first, a bit about Queen Tiye (who is presented in Story of the World as an Egyptian queen from Nubian  (but was she?).   Read on to learn more...


ABOUT QUEEN TIYE

 Photo By Rolf Dietrich Brecher from Germany (Teje)


Tiye is an amazingly interesting character...and after researching her I'm actually a little disappointed that so little about her is actually said in this chapter, because she is fascinating.

Married to pharaoh Amenhotep III, she wielded real power (moreso than  previous Egyptian queens).  She was the first Egyptian queen to have her name written on official acts, and was mentioned in foreign correspondence.     In statues of her and Amenhotep III, she was depicted as the same height as the Pharaoh  (in previous statuary, the Pharaoh had always been depicted as larger than his Queen, to emphasize his greater power and importance.).

From inscriptions and the letters found at Armarna, it is clear that Tiye was in every way the equal of her husband and presided at festivals, met with foreign dignitaries, and directed both domestic and foreign policies.
Ancient History Encyclopedia

The main point made about her in Story of the World is that she was Nubian, but as it turns out, that point is debatable.  Some historians say that her parents may have been Nubian or of Nubian decent, others disagree...but regardless of who is right in that debate, Tiye herself grew up in Egypt, in the Royal palace, not in Nubia.

I feel the need to take an aside here and note that whether she was Nubian is an entirely different question than whether she was black.       We look at Egyptian art and find a number of skin tones, which makes sense considering where Egypt is located, in the gateway between Europe, Asia and the rest of Africa.  But the whole question of what race the Egyptians were is steeped in controversy...and racism.    Europeans in the 19th century seeking to justify the subjugation of Africans categorized them as lesser and separate, and so felt the need to try to separate Egypt from the rest of Africa by categorizing them as a different race than the rest of Africa.    But ancient Egyptians didn't have the concept of race that developed during that later period of history, which has had such an impact on people since.  And, modern genetic scientists (as well as most anthropologists) have rejected the idea of different biologically separate races (even if race is still "culturally real"). 

"Any characterization of race of the ancient Egyptians depends on modern cultural definitions, not on scientific study. Thus, by modern American standards it is reasonable to characterize the Egyptians as 'black', while acknowledging the scientific evidence for the physical diversity of Africans."
~  Stuart Tyson Smith  ( The Oxford encyclopedia of ancient Egypt, Volume 3 - Located through Wikipdia: Ancient Egyptian Race Controversy)

And here is the reason I felt it was important to talk about this:    While searching for images for this chapter I accidentally stumbled on a very racist cartoon who's main message was that that African history shows the inferiority of black people.  It showed an ugly drawing of an idiotic looking tribal man with a bone through his nose, next to a hut, and said above it "Blacks like to talk about their rich African history.  Here's their rich African history."   It looked like something from an earlier generation, but sadly recent events in the news have shown me that ideology is not dead.  So, while I didn't choose to go as much into all this racial history with my eight year old as I just have here, we did take some time to learn more about Nubia and the Nubian Pharaohs than SOTW covered,  partially so that one day my son will have more ammunition to combat that kind of ignorance, if he ever comes across it.   Nubia and Egypt are not the only great African civilizations, so am glad to see that Story of the World covers some some of the others in later volumes as well.  

If you would like to also cover Nubia and the Nubian pharaohs in a little more detail than Story of the World does, there are some excellent resources below...



NUBIAN PHARAOHS - SUPPLEMENTARY VIDEO
The Nubian Pharaohs mentioned briefly in paragraph 8 actually reigned long after the Middle Kingdom.  To learn more about them, my son and I watched the section "Nubians Regain Rule/Tarharka Dynasty" from minute 29:20 to 34:40 of the video below (we watched the first part of this video to supplement Chapter 11).  The part about Egyptian Invasion (21:45 - 26:34) also related directly to the chapter as well, but since we already covered that in the reading I skipped over that.

Lost Kingdoms of Africa: Nubia (Covers Sahara civilization too).
I went ahead and charted out the minutes for your convenience below, in case you just wanted to use other parts of this.

0 - 4:28 - Intro
4:28 -  7:41 - Rock Gong, beginning of Nubian culture
7:42 - 10:56 - Rock Art and Climate Change (When the Sahara Was Green)
10:56 - 14:20 - Kerma (main city in Kush/Nubia) and Deffufa (huge brick structure)
14:20 - 16:48  - Kerma Pottery
16:49 - 21:41 - Kerma Burial Plot
21:42 - 21:45 - What Happened to Kerma (transition)
21:45 - 26:34 - Egyptian Invasion/Jebel Barkal
26:35 - 29:19 - Sufi Mystics Today at Jebel Barkal
29:20 - 34:40 - Nubians Regain Rule/Tarharka Dynasty
34:41 - 38:43 - Desert Encroaches/Meroe
38:44 - 40:56 - Iron
40:56 - 41:58 - Desert Encroaches Again
41:59 - 45:41 - Nomads
45:42 - End   - Central Sudan (Modern Times)






PICTURES TO SUPPLEMENT THIS CHAPTER
We used some pictures we found online to supplement this chapter...below are links and paragraph from this chapter the pictures relate to.

Paragraph 3
Amenemhet

Paragraph 6
Nubian Trade Goods intro image

Paragraph 7
Nubian Archers
Nubian Warrior

Paragraph 8 - 9
Tiye (the statue the picture in the book was based off of) (Par 8)
...and, if your child is interested in mummies,  you can also see a picture of Tiye's mummy here.
Nubian Pharaohs - scroll down, picture under map
Tarharqa (Nubian Pharoah)
Taharqa and Entourage 
Taharqa Statue



SUGGESTED BOOKS
                                                                                        
Ancient Egyptians and Their Neighbors
If you want your children to learn more about ancient Nubia and do some crafts or activities related to it, this is the best book I've found on the subject for children.  It  has a whole section on Nubia as well as sections on the Hittites, Mesopotamians, and Egyptians (a small section on the Nubian pharaohs is, if I remember right, in the section on Egypt).  The only thing I dislike about this book is that it's entirely in black and white (save for the cover).

DK Ancient Egypt Revealed
I only mention this book here because it is AMAZING for using with Chapter 13, and while it just has a few things related to Chap 12 (pictures of Nubians, a mention brief mention of the Hyksos discussed in the next subsection), it's worth picking up at your local library early if they have it, since you'll want to use it for next chapter too.












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Wednesday, August 9, 2017

Resources Combining History and Science


Do you love combining History and Science?

The following are  resources I've found for integrating history with Science.   I've marked it by free and paid resources so you can easily tell those apart.  I'd love more suggestions to add to this list, so if you know of anything you think belongs here, please leave a comment about it!   Enjoy!


KEY
All resources will have one of the following graphics next to it.  Note that books are classified as a "paid resource" even though many can be borrowed free at your local library, and resources are classified as free even if they require free registration or subscription.  Experiments requiring supplies are only counted as "paid" if the supplies are part of a purchased kit. 

Free Resource

Paid Resource



Various/Mixed Eras

Full Curriculum



Science Through History by Jay Wile
  A Christian hands-on, multilevel elementary (K-6th) science series that introduces scientific concepts using history as its guide. Each lesson is built around an activity or experiment.   In addition, there are three levels of review for each lesson, so the parent/teacher can choose the depth at which each student is expected to grasp the material.  Individual levels are found here and contain more info about the program.    There are guides here on how to synchronize this curriculum with various popular history curriculum. 

The Story of Science by Joy Hakim
Curriculum in several book sets for ages 12 and up.   (A secular curriculum).   It has beautiful writing really does weave the story of how science and scientists affected history.   While there is a very few coordinated "hands on" experiments and activities in the book, more time is spent on the history of science than explaining the science itself.   However, while we only used the book (the first one), I understand that there is a teacher's guide that has science experiments and activities, as well as student workbooks.

Exploring the World of Science Series by John Hudson Tiner
This curriculum for middle and high school students integrates science and history.  In stead of going chronologically through history, these books are organized by science topics (both the whole books and chapters in the book).   The link above will take you to the source that has the best descriptions of the books, as well as sample pages, but I found that Christian Books had better prices (and offered digital versions as well).


Survey of Science History and Concepts
Christian curriculum for multiple ages* which covers the history of science.   These books are organized by scientific topic (Biology, Chemistry, Mathmatics, and Physics) in stead of chronologically.    Inside the book the chapters are also based off scientific topic. Each chapter in the books covers one topic (such as metals, fungi, etc.) and addresses scientific discoveries through history on that topic semi-chronologically.   Though the website says the books are high school level, inside the intro to the books themselves it says it is intended to be able to be used with all levels of school age children (elementary with parental help, middle school independently, and for review in high school).
   The writing level seems aimed at late elementary to middle school.   There does not seem to be experiments or activities included, other than end of chapter questions.   Tests, quizzes, and worksheets come separately in the Teacher guide (bought separately).



Other Multi-Era Resources

100 Scientists Who Made History in Chronological Order 
Book (which is not free)m and a free printable (below review) which lists the scientists from 100 Scientists Who Made History in chronological order, but can be used apart from the book to find scientists to incorporate into your history studies.


On This Day in Chemistry
Learn what chemistry discoveries happened on today's date in history.

The Chemistry of Pottery
Pottery is so widespread in history that this could cover various eras.

The History of Science 
A free video series by Crash Course detailing the history of science.  It has videos related to various eras (which I plan to add to sections below individually...but I haven't had time to go through them all yet).

Sample Chapters from "Survey of Science History and Concepts"
(Christian Curriculum:  All Ages) While the full curriculum is not free, if you scroll down past the product picture/description, under "Products Attachments" you will find a list of sample chapters you can download.   Each chapter covers a different topic and the history of scientific discovery around that.   The sample chapter topics are listed below:

Biology - Fungi
Chemistry - Metals (Iron Ore)
Mathematics - Calendar Systems
Physics - Motion

Archaeology

AIA Lesson Plans
Lesson plans and activities  by the Archaeological Institute of America. (Late Elementary through high school)


Junior Archeologist Workbook
A free archeologist workbook through the National Park Service.  If you compete the book you can mail or email it in to receive a Junior Archeologist patch.


Paleoanthropology:  Analyzing Evidence
Take a anthropological look at archeological evidence.  Middle School - High School.  Part of a larger curriculum.


Broken Pot Activity
Decorate, break, and put together a broken pot.  A good activity for elementary age kids and up.   This one is more suitable for younger kids than the 2nd broken pot activity below because it uses simple materials, and suggests terra cotta, which breaks with less sharp edges (though still requires supervision because edges can be rough).   That one has some good vocabulary and questions and other info you might want to borrow.

Broken Pot Activity
Decorate, break, and put together a broken pot.  This one is more suitable for upper elementary, middle and high school..   Has some good vocabulary and questions and other info.

Broken PAPER Pot Activity
Potshard activity with printed paper pot.


Stone Age and Archeological STEM Challenge
Stone age activity, and a project designing tools that archeologists could use.  Suggested age range: 3rd - 7th.

Wood Preservation of the Mary Rose (Late Elementary to High School)
Learn the chemistry behind the preservation of a Tudor Era sunken ship.





Ancient Times 

All of Ancient Times / Multiple Eras or Civilizations

CURRICULUM:  Science of the Ancient World 
Full 90 hours long Christian curriculum covering the scientific work of natural philosophers who lived from about 600 BC to the early AD 1500s.   It's marketed as K-6th but the lesson text length and complexity is more for, I'd say 2nd at earliest, and you could probably go through 8th easily).  There are free sample pages on the site. 


BOOK:  Ancient Science by Jim Weise
Book for children age 8 -12 with fun science activities related to pre-history and the ancient civilizations of  Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, China, Aztecs, Mayans and Native North America. 

Ancient Science STEM Challenges
This TPT resource by StudentSavvy is meant for classroom use, but I think would be fun to tweak for homeschool.   It has STEM projects related to ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Isreal, China, India, Greece and Rome, and printables to go with them.  You can buy them as a set, or individual units. 



Pre-history/Stone Age/Nomadic 

Stone Age and Archeological STEM Challenge
Design a stone age basket using list of supplies, and an additional archeological challenge.  Suggested age range: 3rd - 7th.


Paleoanthropology:  Analyzing Evidence
Take a anthropological look at archeological evidence.  Middle School - High School.  Part of a larger curriculum.


The Stone Age Idea Web
Ideas for science integration for various ages.

Cave Art - Various Activities
Various science activities related to cave art.

Dangers to Cave Art
Scroll to bottom for link to PDF of page.

Prehistoric Pigments


Inventing the Wheel  Part 2



Mesopotamia


Ancient Mesopotamia STEM Challenge
This TPT resource by StudentSavvy  has cuneiform coding and ziggurat marble run projects, and includes worksheets for each.  It is meant for the classroom but could be tweaked for homeschool use

Geography and Climate of Ancient Mesopotamia
Middle School level unit on incorporating geography, climate, and math (statistics and probability).


Make Plaster of Paris
Used since ancient Ur (while the activity itself contains a story from ancient Greece, there is info in the teacher resources about plaster's use in ancient Ur, which could help you make a plaster relalted activity  for that era).




Baghdad Battery
Have they found an ancient electric battery in Mesopotamia?   Explore the mystery.






Egypt

Science of Ancient Egypt
These units by Dr. Dave's science are crammed with info about science in ancient Egypt, with very kid friendly writing.  They come in various topics, from mummies to metals.  Age level 4th - 7th.

STEAM Pyramid
Various projects related to Pyramids, designed for use in 4th - 7th gifted classes.   Looks like it could be done as individual homeschool projects.

Ancient Egypt STEM Challenge
This TPT resource by StudentSavvy  has mummified apple and toothpick pyramid projects, and includes worksheets for each.  It is meant for the classroom but could be tweaked for homeschool use.  (Note:  You can find the mummified apple project free a little further down on this page, sans worksheets).

Geography and Climate of Ancient Egypt
Middle School level unit on incorporating geography, climate, and math (statistics and probability).


Nile River
Free sample of part of the Nile River unit by Dr. Daves Science.  Other units available for purchase here.

Nile Silt Activity
Just scroll down - activity is toward the bottom of the blog post.

Ancient Egypt Idea Web
Ideas for science integration for various ages.

Egyptian Mummies:  Egg Mummy Experiment
 

Egyptian Mummies:  Apple Mummy Experiment


Egyptian Mummies:  Chicken Mummy Experiment


VIDEO: Crash Course Kids - Following the Sun
Video talks about how ancient peoples used the sun to tell time (pictures Egyptians).

BOOK:  Technology in the Time of Ancient Egypt


Make Plaster of Paris
First used in Mesopotamia (while the activity itself contains a story from ancient Greece, there is info in the teacher resources about plaster's use in ancient Egypt, which could help you make a plaster relalted activity  for that era).

Egyptian Art
A guide to ancient Egyptian art, with science vocab bolded. (Also in PDF form...scroll to bottom for link).

Egyptian Materials and Pigments + Egyptian Pain Article
Scroll to bottom for link to PDF of first page.

Making Paint with Minerals


Egyptian Blue (Chemistry of Color)
Scroll to bottom for link to PDF of page.

Conservation of Egyptian Art
Scroll to bottom for link to PDF of page. 



Israel

Ancient Israel STEM Challenge
This TPT resource by StudentSavvy  has a masada building project, with printables.  It is meant for the classroom but could be tweaked for homeschool use



India

Ancient India STEM Challenge
This TPT resource by StudentSavvy  has irrigation and monsoon projects, and includes printables for each.  It is meant for the classroom but could be tweaked for homeschool use.

Geography and Climate of Ancient India
Middle School level unit on incorporating geography, climate, and math (statistics and probability).




China

Ancient China STEM Challenge
This TPT resource by StudentSavvy  has a Great Wall of China and  Chinese musical instruments project, and includes printables for each.  It is meant for the classroom but could be tweaked for homeschool use.


Geography and Climate of Ancient China
Middle School level unit on incorporating geography, climate, and math (statistics and probability).




Minoans/Mycenaean/Greece 

Restoration of Minoan Artwork



Make Plaster of Paris
Activity about making plaster, with "mystery" set in ancient Greece kids solve using plaster and science.


Ancient Greece STEM Challenge
This TPT resource by StudentSavvy  has a chariot and catapult project, and includes printables for each.  It is meant for the classroom but could be tweaked for homeschool use.

Ancient Greece Idea Web
Ideas for science integration for various ages.

Ancient Greece + Earth and Space Science
This is an outline I made of how we combined our Story of the World lessons on the history of ancient Greece with a study of Earth Science and Space Science.  Could be used by those not using SOTW just by looking at the topics covered.

BOOK:  Technology in the Time of Ancient Greece



BOOK:  Classical Kids
This book is not primarily about science, but among it's many activities has a few really good ones on Greek scientists, presented excellently for younger kids.

Greek Architecture STEM Activity


Greek Art Techniques and Pigments
Scroll to bottom for link to PDF of page.
 

Science of the Ancient World - SAMPLE PAGES
The free sample pages for this curriculum cover several scientists from ancient Greece and their discoveries. 

Archimedes Screw 1
Archimedes Screw 2
Archimedes was a scientist in Ancient Greek and these are two variations on one of his inventions you can use.  
 



Roman Empire

Ancient Romans Idea Web
Ideas for science integration for various ages.


Ancient Romans STEM Challenge
This TPT resource by StudentSavvy  has aquaduct and Roman road projects, and includes worksheets for each.  It is meant for the classroom but could be tweaked for homeschool use.

Making Verdigris Copper
Copper and copper alloys like bronze will corrode with long exposure to the air.  When it corrodes the copper takes on a blue-green colour. The Greeks and Romans deliberately corroded copper to make a pigment called verdigris.

Make Concrete
Invented during Roman Empire.

Making Invisible Ink
Ovid (43 BCE-17/18 CE), a Roman poet wrote about invisable ink in 18BCE

Roman Glass and It's Chemistry
Scroll to bottom for link to PDF of page.



Vesuvius Victim's Brain Turned to Glass
This article comes with a PDF and slide.

Roman Commerce in Pigments


The Chemistry of Roman Perfumes
(High School Chemistry) - I suggest supplementing it with this article on the chemistry of different smells.


BOOK:  Technology in the Time of Ancient Rome


BOOK:  Classical Kids
This book is not primarily about science, but among it's many activities has a some good activities involving Roman inventions.











Americas
Because south and central American regions are generally studied along with Spanish conquest, links for Mayas, Incas, Aztecs and others will be listed under Middle Ages to Early Renaissance below.




Middle Ages to Early Renaissance
Aproximately 400-1600

All of Middle Ages / Multiple Eras or Areas

CURRICULUM:  Science of the Ancient World by Jay Wile
Full 90 hours long Christian curriculum covering the scientific work of natural philosophers who lived from about 600 BC to the early AD 1500s.   It's marketed as K-6th but the lesson text length and complexity is more for, I'd say 2nd at earliest, and you could probably go through 8th easily).  There are free sample pages on the site. 

Medieval Times Stem Challenge Bundle
Various STEM projects related to the middle ages.  Includes some  STEM challenges listed separately below.   Suggested Age Range:  4th - 8th.


Africa

West Africa STEM Challenge 
Djembe Drum and Gold Mining projects.  Suggested Age Range:  4th - 8th.


Americas

Aztecs and Mayas Idea Web
Ideas for science integration for various ages.

Aztec STEM Challenge
Suggested Age Range:  4th - 8th. 

BOOK:  Technology in the Time of the Maya
 

BOOK:  Technology in the Time of the Aztecs



Asia

Medieval China STEM Challenge
Made a model of Zheng He's Treasure Ship.   Suggested Age Range:  4th - 8th.


Fuedal Japan STEM Challenge
Zen Garden and Norimono Zipline.  Suggested Age Range:  4th - 8th.



Europe 

Byzantine Empire STEM Challenge
Hagia sophia marble run and trebuchet.  Suggested Age Rage:  4th - 8th.


Experiment With the Vikings
A 57 page unit study combining a Viking narrative with various experiements and activities to show the science behind Viking history.

Viking Idea Web
Ideas for science integration for various ages.  

BOOK:  Technology in the time of the Vikings




Medieval Chemistry/Alchemy



Making Medieval Ink
Monastic Ink
The first link is actually based on the second, but it has two versions of the experiment (one that has a 6 day wait time, and a faster one with hot water), and simpler explanations of the science which could be used with younger students.   The second link has more detailed explanation of the science for high school students (and pictures, which are nice).

Early Medieval  Europe STEM Challenge
Late Medieval Europe STEM Challenge 
Various projects.   Suggested Age Range:  4th - 8th.




Age of Exploration STEM Challenge
Make a boat using a list of supplies and test it's properties.  Suggested Ages:   4th - 8th Grade


Wood Preservation of the Mary Rose (Late Elementary to High School)
Learn the chemistry behind the preservation of a Tudor Era sunken ship.

  


The Tudors Idea Web 
Ideas for science integration for various ages.


Making Invisible Ink
Mary, Queen of Scots (1542-1587), used invisible ink and ciphers to communicate with Catholic supporters.

Make Plaster of Paris
Used to make frescos (while the activity itself contains a story from ancient Greece, there is info in the teacher resources about plaster's use in ancient Ur, which could help you make a plaster relalted activity  for that era).

Making Paint With Minerals

 

The Science of Fresco Painting
Youtube video goes into the science of making Frescos


The Renaissance STEM Challenge
Leonardo da Vinci's Flying Machine and Anemometer projects. Suggested Age Range:  4th - 8th.



Leonardo DaVinci - Parachute Prototypes


The Reformation STEM Challenge
Gutenberg's printing press project. Suggested Age Range:  4th - 8th.


Middle East

NOTE:   Byzantine Empire is placed under Europe, even though parts of it were in the Middle East.


Golden age of Islam Idea Web
Ideas for science integration for various ages. 

Islam Caravan STEM Challenge
Suggested Age Range:  4th - 8th.





Early Modern Period



How metal from Germany ended up in masks made in Benin in the 16th through 19th centuries.  PDF/slides included.  8th-12th.

The Scientific Revolution STEM Challenge
Various projects.  Suggested age range:  4th - 8th.

Native Americans - Iroquois Wampum Coding STEM Challenge
Create coded messages in beads.  Suggested age range:  4th - 8th Grade

Cherokee Nation Native American STEM Challenge
Build a summer and winter home.  Suggested age range:  4th - 8th Grade

13 Colonies (US History) STEM Challenge
Build and test a model of a plow.  Suggested age range:  4th - 8th Grade


The Victorian Idea Web
Ideas for science integration for various ages.

Mercury Poisoning and the Origin of the Phrase "Mad as a Hatter"


Making Blueprint Paper
Blueprints use the cyanotype process invented by the astronomer John Herschel in 1842

Herschel Infrared Experiement




Late Modern Period to Contemporary Times 
(1850 - NOW)

Modern History Through Science
A 6 week long unit study designed to teach history through science (Middle School Level - Ages 10-13)


The History of Aspirin. and From Plant to Pill
This research project help teens explore the history and science of how aspirin was discovered.  Accompanying article about folk medicine highlights how old cures are rediscovered and improved. High school level.

Learning About How Fireworks Work
And Learning About Blackpowder Production in the 1850s
(High School Level) The first part of this section explores how fireworks are used (and involves using some actual fireworks), and the 2nd part explores what it was like working in a blackpowder production factory in the 1850s.

X-Ray Invented Part 2 - 1895
(Elementary to Middle School) Book section from the Dover Sampler you can print, with a short activity (part 2).


Make the First Patented Dye- 1856
(High School) Learn how to make the first dye patented in the US.   This involves chemicals that might not be easy to get and "stirring for two hours" so is not an easy project.


Locomotive Unit Study
Focus on the intercontinental railroad in the US (1860's).  Includes science math activity where tudents learn about initial positions, final positions, distance, and displacement as applied to a train’s route through the Sierra Madres.  2nd - 4th Grade. 

Ferris Wheel Project + Primary Sources 
4th - 8th grade resource. (1893 was first Ferris Wheel)


WWII Idea Web
Ideas for science integration for various ages.


Making Invisible Ink
Invisable ink was used by secret agents in WWII

WWII Fighter Gliders Unit
For 3rd - 7th.   Includes multiple subjects including science  exploration.  Originally intended for classroom use.

Moonshot
Science project about space rockets, including history of the Saturn V Rocket.








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Shared on Dear Homeschooler Bookshelf, Throwback Thursday, and Various Other Link-ups